Ah, the age-old question that has perplexed writers, professionals, and even grammar enthusiasts: which is correct hardworking or hard-working?
If you’ve ever stared at your screen, unsure whether to use the hyphen or not, you’re definitely not alone. It’s one of those sneaky little grammar quirks that leaves many of us scratching our heads.
But here’s the good news: by the end of this post, you’ll know exactly which version to use and why. We’ll break it all down, demystify the rules (or lack thereof), and help you decide which one suits your writing style. Ready? Let’s dive in!
The Quick Answer: Both Can Be Correct!
Yep, you read that right. Both “hardworking” and “hard-working” can be correct, depending on the context and personal style preferences.
But don’t worry, we’re not leaving you hanging with a vague answer. We’ll explore the differences, their origins, and when you should use one over the other.
Why the Confusion Between Hardworking and Hard-working?
English is a funny language, isn’t it? It evolves, adapts, and sometimes even confuses its speakers with things like hyphens. The confusion between “hardworking” and “hard-working” boils down to changes in language over time and regional preferences.
Hyphenated compounds like “hard-working” were once more common. But as language evolved and certain compound words became more familiar, the hyphen often disappeared.
The same has happened with “hardworking.” Over time, it’s become a single, unhyphenated word in many contexts, but the hyphenated version hasn’t disappeared entirely.
Hardworking vs. Hard-working: Breaking Down the Difference
Let’s look at both terms a little more closely to see why they’ve both stuck around in modern usage.
1. Hardworking (One Word)
When we say hardworking, we’re referring to someone who puts in a lot of effort, dedication, and time into what they do. It’s an adjective that describes a person (or occasionally a thing) that works tirelessly to achieve their goals.
- Example: “Sarah is a hardworking student who always goes the extra mile.”
Notice something? No hyphen. This is the most common form you’ll find today, especially in American English. It’s simpler, cleaner, and has become widely accepted in most casual and professional writing contexts.
2. Hard-working (Hyphenated)
Now, let’s talk about hard-working. This version also describes someone who works diligently, but it uses a hyphen to link the words hard and working into a compound adjective.
- Example: “He’s a hard-working employee who never misses a deadline.”
The hyphen helps to clarify that hard and working are working together as a single unit to describe the noun that follows (in this case, “employee”). It was more common in the past and is still seen in British English and more formal contexts.
The Hyphenation Rule: When Should You Use Hard-working?
So, when is it appropriate to use the hyphenated version? It all comes down to preference and style guides. In formal or British English writing, you’re more likely to see the hyphenated “hard-working.”
If you’re writing an academic paper, business document, or following a specific style guide (like AP or The Chicago Manual of Style), you might choose “hard-working” to be on the safe side.
The Evolution of Language: Hardworking Wins (Most of the Time)
As we mentioned earlier, language evolves. Over the years, many hyphenated words have lost their hyphens as they’ve become more familiar. Think about words like “email” (which used to be “e-mail”) or “online” (once “on-line”). The same trend applies to “hardworking.”
In the modern world, especially in American English, hardworking is increasingly favoured. It’s seen as simpler, more straightforward, and less fussy. And let’s be honest—who doesn’t love cutting out unnecessary punctuation when possible?
What Do Style Guides Say?
If you’re following a particular style guide, it’s important to know which version they recommend. Here’s a quick breakdown:
- The AP Stylebook prefers “hard-working” with the hyphen.
- The Chicago Manual of Style allows for both versions but tends to lean toward the unhyphenated “hardworking.”
- Oxford English Dictionary recognizes both forms, but in British English, the hyphenated version is more common.
If you’re in the U.S. and writing something informal or even semi-formal, “hardworking” is the safe choice. If you’re in the U.K. or writing in a very formal context, “hard-working” with the hyphen might be better suited.
When to Use Hardworking vs. Hard-working (Practical Examples)
Let’s look at some real-world examples to help you see when you might use one version over the other. Understanding the context will help you decide which one fits your writing needs.
Example 1: Writing a Casual Blog or Email
- “Our team is full of hardworking individuals who always give 100%.”
- Why: In informal writing like a blog or email, “hardworking” is the go-to choice. It’s clean, easy to read, and fits perfectly with a conversational tone.
Example 2: Writing a Formal Business Document
- “We are seeking hard-working employees to join our rapidly growing company.”
- Why: For formal business documents, the hyphenated version looks a bit more polished and fits well within a professional context. It’s especially useful when following a specific style guide.
Example 3: British English vs. American English
- British: “She’s one of the most hard-working people I’ve ever met.”
- American: “She’s one of the most hardworking people I’ve ever met.”
- Why: In British English, the hyphen is still more commonly used in formal writing, whereas American English tends to drop the hyphen in favour of the simpler “hardworking.”
Common Mistakes and How to Avoid Them
While both “hardworking” and “hard-working” are acceptable, you’ll want to avoid mixing and matching them in the same document. Consistency is key in writing, especially if you’re following a particular style guide or writing for an organisation with its own set of grammar rules.
Here are some common mistakes and tips to avoid them:
Mistake 1: Inconsistent Use
- Incorrect: “John is a hardworking manager, and his hard-working team members admire him.”
- Correct: “John is a hardworking manager, and his hardworking team members admire him.”
- Tip: Choose one version and stick with it throughout your writing.
Mistake 2: Using the Hyphen in the Wrong Context
- Incorrect: “I admire hard-working, and that’s why I strive to be one.”
- Correct: “I admire hard work, and that’s why I strive to be a hardworking person.”
- Tip: Use “hard work” (noun) when referring to the effort itself, and “hardworking” (adjective) when describing a person or thing.
Hardworking or Hard-working?: Which Should You Choose?
So, which is correct—hardworking or hard-working? The answer is that it depends on your style, the region you’re writing in, and the context of your work. Both versions are valid, but here’s the simple breakdown:
- Use “hardworking” for most informal, conversational, or modern writing, especially in American English.
- Use “hard-working” if you’re following a formal style guide, writing in British English, or just prefer the look of the hyphen.
Ultimately, language is all about clarity and style, so choose the version that fits your audience and the tone of your writing.
Final Thoughts: Let’s All Celebrate the Hard Workers!
Whichever version you choose, there’s no denying that being hardworking (or hard-working!) is something to be proud of.
Whether you’re describing yourself, a colleague, or even your favourite author, you now know exactly how to nail the spelling and grammar.
So, the next time you type up a job description, an email, or a blog post, you’ll confidently choose between hardworking and hard-working without breaking a sweat. Now go forth and show off your grammar prowess!
